Q1 Answer

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Your partner has doubled and you cannot pass as NORTH has passed. So bid your best suit giving preference to a major.

You have 17 HCPs and should bid 2NT inviting to 3NT.

You have 19 HCPs and you want to be in game (maybe slam) but your partner has passed so you do not know if you have a fit but you know they have less than 6 HCPs, so take it slowly and bid 2H